针灸配合松龄血脉康胶囊治疗急性脑梗死疗效观察及对 APN、ET-1 水平的影响

目的:探究针灸配合松龄血脉康胶囊治疗急性脑梗死(ACI)的疗效及对脂联素(APN)、内皮素-1 (ET-1)水平的影响。方法:将62例ACI患者作为研究对象,按随机数字表法分成2组,每组各31例。对照组采用松龄血脉康胶囊治疗,观察组为针灸配合松龄血脉康胶囊治疗;观察2组临床疗效,并比较APN、ET-1、超敏C-反应蛋白(hs-CRP)及纤维蛋白原(FIB)。结果:观察组总有效率高达90.23%,显著高于对照组的64.52%,2组比较,差异有统计学意义(χ^2=5.905,P<0.05)。经治疗,2组治疗后APN显著升高(P<0.05),ET-1、hs-CRP、FIB均下降(P<0.05)。治疗后组间比较,观察组患者APN高于对照组(P<0.05),ET-1、hs-CRP、FIB均低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:对ACI患者行针灸配合松龄血脉康胶囊治疗,能够显著增加APN水平,降低ET-1水平,且其炎性反应、凝血功能改善效果更为显著。     

Analysis of the role of palmitoleic acid in acute anterior uveitis

PurposeTo study the role of palmitoleic acid (PA) in the pathogenesis of acute anterior uveitis (AAU).MethodsPA levels in feces from AAU patients were measured by gas chromatography coupled with a mass spectrometer (GC-MS) and compared with samples obtained from healthy individuals. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and flow cytometry (FCM) were used to assess the effect of PA on dendritic cells (DCs) and CD4⁺T cells obtained from mice, AAU patients and healthy individuals. C57BL/6 mice were fed with PA or vehicle and experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU) was induced with a human retinal IRBP651-670 peptide. Disease severity of EAU was evaluated by clinical manifestation and histology. Differentiation of splenic Type 1 helper T cells (Th1) and Th17 cells was evaluated by FCM. Tandem mass tag (TMT)-based proteomics analysis was used to identify differentially expressed proteins following incubation of DCs with PA.ResultsThe fecal concentration of PA was increased in AAU patients as compared with healthy individuals. In vitro, PA promoted apoptosis of DCs and inhibited the secretion of TNF-α from mouse bone-marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) as well as in DCs from AAU patients and healthy individuals. It only decreased DCs surface marker expression and IL-12p70 secretion in BMDCs and healthy individuals DCs but not in AAU patient DCs. PA-treated BMDCs inhibited Th cell differentiation from mouse naïve CD4⁺T cells and IL-17 and IFN-γ secretion in co-culture supernatants. PA also inhibited the differentiation of Th cells and secretion of IFN-γ and IL-17 in CD4⁺T cells from mice, AAU patients and healthy individuals. In vivo, PA-treated EAU mice showed milder clinical and histopathological intraocular manifestations as compared with the control group. PA feeding inhibited differentiation of splenic Th17 cells, whereas Th1 cells were not affected. Up to 30 upregulated and 77 downregulated proteins were identified when comparing PA-treated DCs with controls.ConclusionAn increased expression of fecal PA was observed in AAU patients. PA was shown to have immunoregulatory effects on DCs and CD4⁺T cells and attenuated disease severity in EAU mice.     

CSF-1R inhibition attenuates ischemia-induced renal injury and fibrosis by reducing Ly6C+ M2-like macrophage infiltration

Acute kidney injury (AKI) to chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression has become a life-threatening disease. However, an effective therapeutic strategy is still needed. The pathophysiology of AKI-to-CKD progression involves chronic inflammation and renal fibrosis driven by macrophage activation, which is physiologically dependent on colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor (CSF-1R) signaling. In this study, we modulated macrophage infiltration through oral administration of the CSF-1R inhibitor GW2580 in an ischemia–reperfusion (I/R)-induced AKI model to evaluate its therapeutic effects on preventing the progression of AKI to CKD. We found that GW2580 induced a significant reduction in the number of macrophages in I/R-injured kidneys and attenuated I/R-induced renal injury and subsequent interstitial fibrosis. By flow cytometry, we observed that the reduced macrophages were primarily Ly6C⁺ inflammatory macrophages in the GW2580-treated kidneys, while there was no significant difference in the number and percentage of Ly6C⁻CX3CR1⁺ macrophages. We further found that these reduced macrophages also demonstrated some characteristics of M2-like macrophages, which have been generally regarded as profibrotic subtypes in chronic inflammation. These results indicate the existence of phenotypic and functional crossover between Ly6C⁺ and M2-like macrophages in I/R kidneys, which induces AKI worsening to CKD. In conclusion, therapeutic GW2580 treatment alleviates acute renal injury and subsequent fibrosis by reducing Ly6C⁺ M2-like macrophage infiltration in ischemia-induced AKI.     

急性心力衰竭代偿期患者早期康复活动方案的构建及应用效果

目的 构建急性心力衰竭代偿期患者四阶梯式早期康复活动方案并评价其效果,以期为急性心力衰竭代偿期患者开展早期康复活动提供参考。方法 成立早期康复活动研究团队、在文献检索及半结构化访谈后形成急性心力衰竭代偿期患者四阶梯式早期康复活动的初步方案,经过专家论证后形成最终方案。采用方便抽样法选择2017年4月—2019年6月在北京市某三级甲等医院CCU住院的急性心力衰竭代偿期患者200例为研究对象,试验组与对照组各100例,试验组采用四阶梯式早期康复活动方案,对照组采用常规活动方案。采用明尼苏达生活质量量表、6 min步行试验、住院时间、第1秒用力呼气量、脑利纳肽水平等作为监测指标。结果 试验组明尼苏达生活质量得分（52.64±5.60）分,低于对照组（56.89±6.59）分（t=-4.877,P< 0.001）;试验组6 min步行试验距离（279.86±84.66） m,优于对照组（248.78±93.73） m（t=2.441,P=0.016）;试验组CCU住院时间（8.97±2.80） d,少于对照组（10.48±3.80） d（t=-3.182,P=0.002）;试验组第1秒用力呼气量（2.18±0.49） L,高于对照组（1.92±0.35） L（t=4.338,P< 0.001）;试验组脑利纳肽水平（697.88±135.58） pg/ml,低于对照组（755.29±141.74） pg/ml（t=-2.905,P=0.004）。结论 四阶梯式早期康复活动方案根据患者的心功能制订了个体化的活动策略,通过团队管理的手段保障其早期活动的安全性,能够切实提高急性心力衰竭患者的生活质量、促进患者心肺功能的快速康复、缩短住院时间。     

T3期胆囊癌淋巴结清扫范围对预后影响分析

目的 评估T3期胆囊癌（GBC）病人术中行标准或扩大淋巴结清扫的临床结局。方法 回顾性分析2011年1月至2016年2月天津医科大学肿瘤医院肝胆肿瘤科收治的行手术治疗的67例T3期GBC病人的临床资料。其中行标准和扩大淋巴结清扫分别为32、35例。67例病人中T分期达到T3的Ⅲ期GBC病人为56例，其中标准和扩大淋巴结清扫分别为32、24例。通过多因素回归分析评估不同淋巴结清扫范围对于局部晚期胆囊癌预后的影响。结果 对于T3期病人，N分期（HR=2.24，95%CI 1.49-3.36，P＜0.001）和淋巴结清扫范围（HR=2.51，95%CI 1.35-4.67，P=0.004）是总生存率（OS）的独立预后因素，而肝浸润（HR=2.10，95%CI 1.18-3.74，P=0.012）和胆石症（HR=2.84，95%CI 1.30-6.19，P=0.009）是无复发生存率（RFS）的独立危险因素。对于手术切除后T分期达T3期的Ⅲ期GBC病人，淋巴结清扫是OS和RFS的独立危险因素（OS：HR=2.46，95%CI 1.27-4.77，P=0.008；RFS：HR=1.99，95%CI 1.05-3.77，P=0.040），N分期是OS的独立危险因素（HR=2.29，95%CI 1.23-4.29，P=0.009），胆石症是RFS的独立危险因素（HR=2.55，95%CI 1.02-6.35，P=0.045）。结论 扩大淋巴结清扫可能有助于改善T3期GBC病人的生存，尤其是T分期达到T3的Ⅲ期GBC病人，而且与是否存在淋巴结转移无关。     

无创呼吸机用于急诊急性心力衰竭合并呼吸衰竭的临床疗效

目的 分析无创呼吸机用于急诊急性心力衰竭合并呼吸衰竭的临床疗效。方法 选取我院2018年6月～2019年6月在我院急诊治疗的急性心力衰竭合并呼吸衰竭患者62例,随机分为观察组和对照组,每组各31例。对照组患者予强心、利尿、平喘、纠正电解质紊乱等基础治疗,同时予低流量鼻导管吸氧治疗;观察组予无创呼吸机治疗。治疗后对比分析两组的临床疗效及血气分析指标的变化情况。结果 观察组患者治疗后的总有效率达93.5%,高于对照组74.2%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);两组患者的pH、PaO2及PaCO2水平分别比较,观察组改善情况均优于对照组(P0.05)。结论 无创呼吸机治疗急性心力衰竭合并呼吸衰竭疗效确切,且能有效改善动脉血气指标,促进患者呼吸功能迅速恢复,保护肺功能,从而改善患者的临床症状,且操作简便,值得推广和应用。     

Myeloid neoplasms with germline predisposition: Practical considerations and complications in the search for new susceptibility loci

Genomic research in hematological malignancies has focused far more prominently on somatic mutations than on germline variants. Although increasing numbers of germline variants are being identified, a substantial proportion of familial myeloid malignancies have no causal allele pinpointed. Here we review the biological, technological, and clinical challenges that stand in the way of the goal of establishing, implementing, and interpreting a comprehensive panel of germline variants for testing. Achieving this goal would inform care for large numbers of myeloid malignancy patients. Furthermore, knowledge of germline susceptibility variants and their corresponding genes will shed light on disease processes, potentially suggesting therapeutic strategies tailored to specific variants.     

Hypomethylating Agent Therapy in Myelodysplastic Syndromes With Chromosome 3 Abnormalities

BackgroundAbnormalities of chromosome 3 in myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), that is, inversion 3 (inv[3]), translocation 3q (t[3q]), or deletion 3q (del[3q]), are defined as poor-risk karyotypes in the Revised International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS-R). The objective of this study was to further define the outcomes of patients with MDS with chromosome 3 abnormalities and address the impact of hypomethylating agent (HMA) therapy on this patient subset.Patients and MethodsThrough the MDS Clinical Research Consortium, we identified 411 patients with chromosome 3 abnormalities and MDS or oligoblastic acute myeloid leukemia (20%-30% blasts).ResultsSpecific chromosome 3 aberrations and cytogenetic complexity were predictive of survival; patients with t(3q) and isolated chromosome 3 had improved overall survival (OS), albeit still poor, whereas patients with complex cytogenetics, including those with 3p abnormalities, had inferior OS. Overall response rates to HMAs among this patient population were similar to those of patients with nonchromosome 3–MDS (52%, with a 25% complete remission rate), although with higher response rates in decitabine-treated patients (69% vs. 45%, P = .008). HMA therapy improved the OS of patients with higher-risk MDS compared with intensive chemotherapy (median OS of 15.5 vs. 8.2 months; P = .017). This improvement remained significant in multivariate analyses (hazard ratio, 0.60; P = .018); however, there were no chromosome 3 aberrations among this subgroup predictive of improved response rates to or survival from HMAs.ConclusionPatients with MDS with chromosome 3 abnormalities represent a cytogenetic cohort with poor OS, and there is an urgent need for novel therapeutic strategies.     

针灸治疗急性乳腺炎选穴规律分析

目的:探讨针灸治疗急性乳腺炎的选穴规律。方法:检索1999年1月-2019年3月中国知网、维普全文期刊数据库、万方数据库中针灸治疗急性乳腺炎的临床报道和临床研究,分析总结针灸治疗该病的取穴规律。结果:共纳入文献53篇,常用穴位53个,总共频次282次,最常用的5个穴位是肩井、膻中、乳根、期门、足三里;涉及经脉12条,除手少阴心经和手少阳三焦经外均有涉及,其中足阳明胃经、足少阳胆经、任脉出现频次最多。特定穴以交会穴、募穴、八会穴使用频次较高。穴位分布主要集中在胸腹部、腰背部及四肢。结论:针灸治疗急性乳腺炎以胸腹部局部取穴及四肢循经取穴、选用特定穴为主,经络选取主要为胃经、胆经、任脉。